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IFNsig. type III One Step cod. BM-041 - Multiplex One Step RT-PCR Real Time Cod. BM-041
Principle of the test : Quantitative analysis of Interferon Stimulated Genes ISG
Technology : Multiplex One Step RT- PCR Real Time
Gene Target : IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, IFN-λ4
Internal Control: GAPDH
Specimen : RNA
Results : ΔΔCt method
Reporting Units : Arbitrary Units (AU)
Number of tests : 25 tests BM-041
Kit storage : -20°C
Necessary equipment : 7500 Real Time PCR System or CFX96 DetectionSystem
IFNsig. Type III One Step cod. BM-041
Multiplex One Step RT-PCR Real Time Five Targets Two tubes
The product is part of a quantitative nucleic acid amplification assay for the detection of messenger RNA of the IFN-λ1 (Interferon Lambda 1), IFN-λ2 (Interferon Lambda 2), IFN-λ3 (Interferon Lambda 3) and IFN-λ4 (Interferon Lambda 4) genes in total RNA samples.
The product is used, together with clinical data and other laboratory tests, in monitoring the expression of these 4 genes that define the type III interferon signature and are induced subsequent to the detection of viral and bacterial pathogens.
The λ-interferons share the same activation and signalling pathways with type I interferons, resulting in antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities that influence the course of tumour responses, autoimmune diseases and microbial infections.
In particular, type III interferons provide additional antiviral protection at anatomical barriers and epithelial surfaces in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive and placental tracts.
The role of IFN-λ in the context of antiviral immunity and airway inflammation is also of considerable importance especially in asthma sufferers, where exacerbations of asthma are often caused by viral infections.
At the gastrointestinal level, IFN IIIs have important immunomodulatory functions, in addition to their antiviral activity.
Type III interferons also have complex effects on immune responses that may favour the onset of relevant events in systemic autoimmune diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis).
In virus-mediated autoreactive diseases, low levels of IFN-λ expression could underlie tissue damage due to the initial lack of virological control, resulting in autoantigen-mediated autoimmunity.
Concerning the immunomodulatory activity of type III IFNs in oncology, preclinical studies have shown that type III IFNs exert both direct effects against tumour cells expressing the receptor for IFN-λ and indirect effects by modulating the tumour microenvironment, and could therefore be used as a more targeted anti-tumour therapy with reduced side effects compared to IFNα, in tumours such as melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer.
The IFNsig.Type III One Step kit is a real-time PCR assay capable of reverse transcripting and amplifying RNA in a single step. Thanks to the multiplex version, RNA is analysed with two different mixes that will return the data of the 4 IFN-λ genes and the housekeeping gene GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The relative quantification of gene expression of these targets is performed by the ΔΔCt method and the fold change obtained is expressed in arbitrary units.
Reference:
1. Tovo PA, Garazzino S, Daprà V, Pruccoli G, Calvi C, Mignone F, Alliaudi C, Denina M, Scolfaro C, Zoppo M, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Galliano I, Bergallo M. COVID-19 in Children: Expressions of Type I/II/III Interferons, TRIM28, SETDB1, and Endogenous Retroviruses in Mild and Severe Cases. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jul 13;22(14):7481. doi: 10.3390/ijms22147481
2. Lazear HM, Schoggins JW, Diamond MS. Shared and Distinct Functions of Type I and Type III Interferons. Immunity. 2019 Apr 16;50(4):907-923. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.025. PMID:30995506; PMCID: PMC6839410.
3. Oke V, Gunnarsson I, Dorschner J, Eketjäll S, Zickert A, Niewold TB, Svenungsson E. High levels of circulating interferons type I, type II and type III associate with distinct clinical features of active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Apr 29;21(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1878-y. PMID: 31036046; PMCID: PMC6489203.
4. Goel RR, Kotenko SV, Kaplan MJ. Interferon lambda in inflammation and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;17(6):349-362. doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00606-1. Epub 2021 Apr 27. PMID: 33907323; PMCID: PMC8077192.
5. Manivasagam S, Klein RS. Type III Interferons: Emerging Roles in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 26;12:764062. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764062. PMID: 34899712; PMCID: PMC8660671.